|
}} The untitled fourth studio album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, commonly referred to as ''Led Zeppelin IV'', was released on 8 November 1971 on Atlantic Records. Produced by guitarist Jimmy Page, it was recorded between December 1970 and March 1971 at several locations, most prominently the Victorian house Headley Grange. After the group's 1970 album ''Led Zeppelin III'' received lukewarm reviews from critics, Page decided their fourth album would officially be untitled. This, along with the inner sleeve's design featuring four symbols that represented each band member, led to the album being referred to variously as ', ''Four Symbols'', ''The Fourth Album'', ''Untitled'', ''Runes'', ''The Hermit'', and ''ZoSo'' (which was derived from Page's symbol).〔Davis, Stephen (2008). "Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga". p.234. HarperCollins, 2008〕 In addition to lacking a title, the original cover featured no band name, as the group wished to be anonymous and to avoid easy pigeonholing by the press. ''Led Zeppelin IV'' was a commercial and critical success, producing many of the band's most well-known songs, including "Black Dog", "Rock and Roll", "Misty Mountain Hop", "Going to California", and the band's signature song, "Stairway to Heaven". The album is one of the best-selling albums worldwide at 37 million units, and with a 23-times platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America, it is the fourth-best-selling album in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = RIAA )〕 Writers and critics have regularly cited it on lists of rock's greatest albums. ==Recording sessions== The album was initially recorded at Island Records' newly opened Basing Street Studios, London, at the same time as Jethro Tull's ''Aqualung'' in December 1970.〔 〕 Upon the recommendation of Fleetwood Mac,〔Michael Leonard, "Heaven Sent", ''Q'' Led Zeppelin Special Edition, 2003.〕 the band then moved to Headley Grange, a remote Victorian house in East Hampshire, England, to conduct additional recordings. Here they used the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio. Jimmy Page later recalled: "We needed the sort of facilities where we could have a cup of tea and wander around the garden and go in and do what we had to do."〔 This relaxed, atmospheric environment at Headley Grange also provided other advantages for the band. As is explained by Dave Lewis, "By moving into Headley Grange for the whole period of recording, many of the tracks (the album ) were made up on the spot and committed to tape almost there and then."〔 Once the basic tracks had been recorded, the band later added overdubs at Island Studios, then took the completed master tapes to Sunset Sound in Los Angeles for mixing. However, the mix ultimately proved to be less than satisfactory, creating an unwanted delay in the album's release. Further mixing had to be undertaken in London, pushing the final release date back by some months.〔 Three other songs from the sessions, "Down by the Seaside", "Night Flight" and "Boogie with Stu" (featuring Rolling Stones co-founder/collaborator Ian Stewart on piano) were included four years later on the double album ''Physical Graffiti''. ==Album title== After the lukewarm, if not confused and sometimes dismissive, critical reaction ''Led Zeppelin III'' had received in late 1970, Page decided that the next Led Zeppelin album would not have a title, but would instead feature four hand-drawn symbols on the inner sleeve and record label, each one chosen by the band member it represents.〔 "We decided that on the fourth album, we would deliberately play down the group name, and there wouldn't be any information whatsoever on the outer jacket", Page explained. "Names, titles and things like that do not mean a thing."〔 〕 Page has also stated that the decision to release the album without any written information on the album sleeve was contrary to strong advice given to him by a press agent, who said that after a year's absence from both records and touring, the move would be akin to "professional suicide".〔 In Page's words: "We just happened to have a lot of faith in what we were doing."〔 In an interview he gave to ''The Times'' in 2010, he elaborated: Releasing the album without an official title has made it difficult to consistently identify. While most commonly called Led ''Zeppelin IV'', Atlantic Records catalogues have used the names ''Four Symbols'' and ''The Fourth Album''. It has also been referred to as ''ZoSo'' (which Page's symbol appears to spell), ''Untitled'' and ''Runes''.〔Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.〕 Page frequently refers to the album in interviews as "the fourth album" and "Led Zeppelin IV",〔Dave Schulps, (Interview with Jimmy Page ), ''Trouser Press'', October 1977.〕〔(Interview with Jimmy Page ), ''Guitar World'' magazine, 1993〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Led Zeppelin Assorted Info )〕 and Plant thinks of it as "the fourth album, that's it".〔Austin Scaggs, (Q&A: Robert Plant ), ''Rolling Stone'', 5 May 2005. 〕 Not only does the album have no title, but there is no printing anywhere on the front or back cover, or even a catalogue number on the spine (at least, on the original vinyl LP release). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Led Zeppelin IV」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|